Izitayela Eziyishumi Zokuthuthukiswa Kwemishini Kagesi ephansi

3.1 ukuhlanganiswa okuthe mpo

Abathengi abakhulu kunabo bonke bemikhiqizo kagesi ephansi bangamandla okusebenza ama-voltage imishini ephelele. Laba basebenzisi abaphakathi bathenga izingxenye zikagesi eziphansi, bese ziwahlanganisa kube amasethi aphelele ama-voltage amadivaysi aphelele afana namaphaneli okusabalalisa amandla, amabhokisi okusatshalaliswa kwamandla, amaphaneli okuvikela, bese uwathengisa kubasebenzisi. Ngokuthuthukiswa kokuhlanganiswa okuthe mpo kwabakhiqizi, abakhiqizi abaculisiwe kanye nabakhiqizi bengxenye bayaqhubeka nokuhlanganisa nomunye kuphela

3.2 IBelt ne-Road Pestitutive kuthuthukisa ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke

Umnyombo wecebo lezwe lami elithi "Ibhande elilodwa, elinye" lokukhuthaza ukuphuma kwamandla okukhiqizwa kweChina nokukhipha imali. Ngakho-ke, njengenye yezimboni eziholayo zezwe lami, inqubomgomo kanye nokuxhaswa kwezezimali kuzosiza amazwe asendleleni yokusheshisa ukwakhiwa kwamagridi wamandla, futhi ngasikhathi sinye ukuvula imakethe ebanzi yemishini yamandla ezwe lami. I-Southeast Asia, Central naseNingizimu Asia, eWest Asia, i-Afrika, i-Latin America namanye amazwe abuyela emuva ekwakhiweni kwamandla. Ngokuthuthuka komnotho wezwe nokusetshenziswa kukagesi okukhuphukayo, ukwakhiwa kwegridi yamandla kudinga ukusheshiswa. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi ezemidlalo asekhaya ezweni lethu kuyabuya emuva kobuchwepheshe, kuncike kakhulu ekungeniseni, futhi akukho ukuthambekela kokuvikela indawo. Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi aseChinese asheshise ijubane lokuhamba kwembulunga yonke ngokusebenzisa ithuba lomphumela we-Spillover we-Belt ne-Road Town. Umbuso uhlala unamathisela ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuthumeleni kwamandla okusebenza kwamandla kagesi, futhi unikeze ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo kanye nokukhuthaza, okuthengiswayo kwamalungelo okungenisa ngaphandle, njll. Ngakho-ke, i-Domestival Prejiments, njll. Ngakho-ke, indawo yenqubomgomo yasekhaya yokuthumela ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo kagesi ephansi yinhle kakhulu.

3.3 ukuguqulwa kusuka ekucindezelweni okuphansi kwengcindezi ephakathi nephakeme

Eminyakeni engu-5 kuye kwayi-10, imboni kagesi ephansi izokuthola uguquko oluvela kumandla kagesi aphansi, imikhiqizo ye-analog emikhiqizweni yedijithali, ukuthengiswa komkhiqizo okuphelele kuya maphakathi namaphrojekthi, kanye nokwanda okukhulu kokuphela. Ngokukhuphuka kwemishini emikhulu yomthwalo kanye nokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka komugqa, amazwe amaningi akhuthaza ngamandla ama-660v voltage ezimbonini zezimayini, uPetroleum, amakhemikhali kanye nezinye izimboni. Ikhomishini ye-electrotechnical yamazwe omhlaba futhi itusa kakhulu i-660V ne-1000V njenge-voltages evamile yezimboni, futhi i-660V isetshenziswe kabanzi embonini yezokumbiwa kwezwe lami. Esikhathini esizayo, izinto zikagesi eziphansi zikagesi zizothuthukisa amandla kagesi alinganiselwe, ngaleyo ndlela zithathe isikhundla sezinto zoqobo "zamandla kagesi aphakathi nendawo". Umhlangano eMannheim, iJalimane kwavuma futhi ukukhulisa izinga eliphansi lamandla kagesi kuya ku-2000V.

3.4 Umenzi Othambekele, Ukusungula Okusha

Izinkampani zogesi eziphansi ze-Houth-voltage ngokuvamile zintula amakhono anele wokuqamba ama-Undent Net kanye nokuswela ukuncintisana kwemakethe ephezulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini kagesi ephansi kufanele kubhekwe ngokombono wokuthuthukiswa kohlelo, kepha futhi kusuka kusisombululo sohlelo, futhi kusuka ohlelweni kuya kulo lonke ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla, ukuvikelwa, kanye nezinto zokulawula, kusuka kumanje enamandla kuya kubuthakathaka bangasombululwa. Isizukulwane esisha semishini kagesi ehlakaniphile ephansi sinezici ezimangalisayo zokusebenza okuphezulu, umsebenzi ohlukahlukene, usayizi omncane, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo okuluhlaza, ukulondolozwa kwamandla nokulondolozwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Phakathi kwazo, isizukulwane esisha sabaphukile besifunda sendawo yonke, abaphukile besifunda, kanye nabaphula umthetho wokukhetha bahlinzeka ngesisekelo sohlelo oluphelele lwamandla wezwe lokuthola amandla okuthola amandla aphansi (futhi linikeze isisekelo sokwenza ngcono izinhlelo zamandla okusabalalisa amandla aphansi. Ukwethenjwa kohlelo lokunikezwa kohlelo kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi inethemba elikhulu kakhulu lokuthuthuka emakethe ephakathi nendawo ephakeme [4]. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isizukulwane esisha sabaxhumana, isizukulwane esisha se-ATSE, isizukulwane esisha se-SPD namanye amaphrojekthi naso sithuthukiswe ngenkuthalo, sengeza amandla okuholela embonini ukuthuthukisa inkathi yokuzimela embonini futhi kusheshiswe ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha kagesi ophansi.

I-3.5 digitization, amanethiwekhi, ubuhlakani kanye nokuxhumana

Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha kufake ubuchwepheshe obusha ekuthuthukisweni kwemikhiqizo kagesi ephansi. Esikhathini lapho konke kuxhunyiwe khona konke futhi konke kuhlakaniphile, kungadala "ukuguqulwa" okusha kwemikhiqizo kagesi ephansi. I-Low-Voltage Electronical Organiances idlala indima enkulu kule Revolution, futhi izosebenza njengesixhumi sazo zonke izinto, ixhumanisa zonke iziqhingi ezicebile zazo zonke izinto nawo wonke umuntu ku-ecosystem enobunye. Ukuze ukwazi ukuxhumeka phakathi kwemishini kagesi ephansi ye-voltage kanye nenethiwekhi, kuthathwa amacebo amathathu. Owokuqala ukuthuthukisa izinto ezintsha ze-Interface, ezixhunyiwe phakathi kwenethiwekhi nezinto zendabuko kagesi eziphansi; Okwesibili ukuthola noma ukukhulisa imisebenzi yenethiwekhi ye-computer yenethiwekhi emikhiqizweni yendabuko; Okwesithathu ukuthuthukisa ngokuqondile izinhlaka zamakhompiyutha kanye nemisebenzi yezokuxhumana yezinto ezintsha zikagesi.
3.6 Isizukulwane sesine semishini kagesi ephansi izokuba yi-MainesTream

Imikhiqizo kagesi yesizukulwane sesine-voltage ayigcini ngokuzuzisa izici zemikhiqizo yesizukulwane sesithathu, kodwa futhi ijulisa izici ezihlakaniphile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi zinezici eziphawuleka njengokusebenza okuphezulu, umsebenzi ophakeme, ukuthembeka okuncane, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo okuluhlaza, ukulondolozwa kwamandla, ukonga amandla kanye nokusindisa kwamandla nokusindisa okubonakalayo. Imikhiqizo emisha izoshayela futhi iholele isicelo kanye nentuthuko yomjikelezo omusha wobuchwepheshe nemikhiqizo embonini kagesi ophansi, futhi izosheshisa ukwenziwa ngcono komkhakha wonke kagesi ophansi we-voltage. Eqinisweni, umncintiswano emakethe yogesi kagesi kagesi ophansi ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe bekulokhu kunesihluku. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990s, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhuthaza imikhiqizo kagesi yesizukulwane esingugesi esingugesi esingu-Voltage e-Low-Voltage ezweni lami kuhambisane nokuphothulwa kanye nokukhuthaza imikhiqizo kagesi yesizukulwane esiphansi. Schneider, Nokia, Abb, Ge, Mitsubishi, Moeller, Fuji kanye nabanye abakhiqizi bakagesi abasezingeni eliphansi bangaphandle baqala ngemikhiqizo yesine yesizukulwane. Imikhiqizo inempumelelo entsha yezinkomba eziphelele zobuchwepheshe nezomnotho, isakhiwo somkhiqizo nokukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha. Ngakho-ke, ukusheshisa ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni nasekukhulisweni kwesizukulwane sesine sempahla kagesi ephansi ezweni lami kuzoba ukugxila emkhakheni wesikhathi esizayo.

3.7 Umkhuba wokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo nokusebenza

Njengamanje, imikhiqizo kagesi ephansi yasekhaya iyakhula ngokuqondiswa okuphezulu, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, i-miniaturization, i-digitalization, i-modularization, inhlanganisela, ukuxhumana, ukuxhumana, ukuxhumana, kanye nokuxhumana okwenziwa ngezingxenye zezakhi. Kunobuchwepheshe obusha obusha obuthinta ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini kagesi ephansi, efana nobuchwepheshe besimanje design, ubuchwepheshe be-microelectronic, ubuchwepheshe bekhompyutha, ubuchwepheshe benethiwekhi, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo sokugxila kubuchwepheshe obusha bokuvikelwa okungaphezulu. Ngokuyisisekelo kuzoshintsha umqondo wokukhethwa kwe-Low-Voltage Breaker Breaker. Njengamanje, yize uhlelo lokusabalalisa lwamandla wezwe lami kanye nemishini kagesi ephansi inokuvikelwa okukhethiwe, ukuvikeleka okukhethiwe akuphelele. Isizukulwane esisha se-Low-Voltage Breakers Breakers sihlongoza umqondo wokuvikelwa okugcwele okugcwele nokugcwele.

3.8 Ukuvuselelwa kwemakethe

Abakhiqizi bakagesi kagesi abaphansi abangenawo amandla okusungula, ubuchwepheshe bokwakhiwa komkhiqizo, ukukhiqiza umthamo nemishini izobhekana nokuqedwa ekubuyiseleni kabusha embonini. Amabhizinisi anesizukulwane sesithathu nesine semikhiqizo kagesi ephansi ne-high-voltage kagesi, ngamakhono abo okubambisana kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza ethuthukile izoqhubeka nokuncintisana emiqhudelwaneni yemakethe. Amanye amabhizinisi azokwehlukanisa abe amazinga amabili wobuchwepheshe obuncane kanye nokujwayelekile okujwayelekile. Owangaphambili abekwe njengomsizi wemakethe futhi azoqhubeka nokuhlanganisa imakethe yayo yomkhiqizo ochwepheshe; Lesi sakamuva sizoqhubeka nokwandisa isabelo saso semakethe, sithuthukise umugqa womkhiqizo waso, futhi silwele ukuhlinzeka abasebenzisi ngezinsizakalo ezibanzi kakhulu. Abanye abakhiqizi bazophuma embonini futhi bangene kwezinye izimboni ezizuzisa kakhulu.

3.9 Ukuqondiswa kokuqondiswa kwamazinga kagesi aphansi kagesi

Ngokuthuthuka kwemikhiqizo kagesi ephansi yamandla aphansi, uhlelo olujwayelekile luzothuthukiswa kancane kancane. Esikhathini esizayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo kagesi ephansi kuzobonakaliswa ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni ehlakaniphile, okunezindawo zokuxhumana, ukwakhiwa kwezembatho, nokugcizelela ekuvikelweni kwemvelo kanye nokusindisa kwamandla. Ngokuhambisana nomkhuba wentuthuko, amazinga amane wezobuchwepheshe adinga ukufundwa ngokushesha: amazinga obuchwepheshe angamboza ukusebenza okuphelele kwemikhiqizo yakamuva, kufaka phakathi ukusebenza kwezobuchwepheshe, ukusebenzisa ukusebenza kwezobuchwepheshe, nokusebenza kwesondlo; Ukuxhumana komkhiqizo kanye nokusebenza komkhiqizo nezidingo zokuxhumana. Ukusebenzisana okuhle; Yenza ukuthembeka kanye namazinga wokuhlola izindlela zemikhiqizo ehlobene ukuthuthukisa ukuthembeka komkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, futhi andise amandla okuncintisana nemikhiqizo yakwamanye amazwe; Yakha uchungechunge lwamazinga wokuqaphela imvelo kanye namazinga amazinga okusebenza kwamandla emikhiqizo kagesi ephansi, umhlahlandlela futhi ulinganise ukukhiqizwa kanye nokwenziwa kwamandla okulondolozwa kwamandla kanye "nemishini kagesi eluhlaza eluhlaza" [5].

3.10 Ukuvukelwa Okuluhlaza

Ukuvuselelwa okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwekhabhoni ephansi, ukonga amandla, ukusindisa ngokwezemvelo nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kube nomthelela omkhulu emhlabeni. Inkinga yezokuphepha yemvelo yomhlaba emelelwa yisimo sezulu ivelwe ngokwengeziwe, futhi ubuchwepheshe obuphansi kagesi kagesi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla sekube yimingcele kanye nezindawo ezishisayo zomncintiswano wezobuchwepheshe. Kwabasebenzisi abajwayelekile, ngaphezu kwekhwalithi kanye nentengo yemishini kagesi ephansi, bakhokha ukunakwa okwengeziwe ekusebenzeni kokonga kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kwemikhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokomthetho, umbuso uye wenza izidingo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokwenza amandla okusebenza kwamandla kagesi kagesi asetshenziswa amabhizinisi nabasebenzisi bezokwakha zezimboni. Kungumkhuba ojwayelekile wokwakha izinto zikagesi eziluhlaza okonga amandla ngokuncintisana okuyisisekelo futhi unikeze amakhasimende ngezixazululo eziphephile, ezinobuchule neziluhlaza. Ukuqala kohlobo lweGreen Revolution kuletha izinselelo kanye namathuba kubakhiqizi embonini kagesi ephansi [5].