Ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kanye nezitayela ezizayo zemakethe kagesi ephansi

I. Isimo semakethe yamazwe omhlaba

1. Usayizi wemakethe nokukhula

   • Usayizi wemakethe yomhlaba: Kusukela ngo-2023, imakethe kagesi ephansi ye-Global ephansi idlulile ama- $ 300 billion, ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esinqunyelwe (i-CAGR) cishe ngo-6% ngo-2028.
   • Ukusatshalaliswa kwesifunda: Isifunda sase-Asia-Pacific sibusa imakethe yomhlaba wonke, eqhutshwa yizezimali ezisheshayo kanye nokufuduka kwabantu emadolobheni eChina, eNdiya naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. ENyakatho neMelika neYurophu futhi kuyaqhubeka nokubona ukukhula okuqinile, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokwamukelwa kwama-grids ahlakaniphile kanye namaphrojekthi wamandla avuselelekayo.

2. Ubuchwepheshe obusha

   • Amadivayisi kagesi ahlakaniphile: Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Intanethi Yezinto (i-IOT) ne-Industrial IOT (IIT) Technologies kuholele kumadivayisi kagesi ahlelekile aphezulu, afana nabaphuke ama-Smart Circuit kanye namaphaneli wokuhambisa ahlakaniphile.
   • Ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla okuluhlaza: Ngokukhuphuka kwamandla avuselelekayo, amadivaysi aphansi kagesi aqala afaka phakathi izinkampani zokuxhumana namakhono okuphatha amasistimu wamandla elanga nawamandla omoya.
   • Izinhlelo Zokuphathwa Kwamandla: Izinhlelo Zokuphathwa Kwamandla Ezithuthukile (i-END ENDED ENDERCEMANGEMANG (EMS) zenzelwa ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla nokusetshenziswa nge-Big Data Analytics kanye ne-Cloud Computing, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwamandla.

3. Abadlali abakhulu kanye nokuncintisana komhlaba

   • Abadlali ababalulekile: Imakethe ibuswa yimidondoshiya yomhlaba efana ne-Nokia, Schneider Electric, Abb, Eaton, noHovelly.
   • Amasu Okuncintisana: Izinkampani zithuthukisa ukuncintisana kwazo ngokuhlanganiswa nokutholwa, ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nokunwetshwa kwemakethe. Isibonelo, ukutholwa kuka-Schneider kagesi kwezingxenye zama-stmicroelectonics kuqinise khona ubukhona bayo emkhakheni wamadivayisi we-smart kagesi.

4. Abashayeli bemakethe

   • Ezenzakalelayo zezimboni: Ukushintshwa okubhekise ekukhiqizweni okuhlakaniphile nokuzenzakalelayo kudinga isidingo semishini kagesi ephansi kagesi.
   • Ukukhula Kwemboni Yokwakha: Ukwenza ugesi owandayo wezakhiwo zezentengiso nezokuhlala, ikakhulukazi ezimakethe ezivelayo, ukukhulisa imfuno.
   • Amandla avuselelekayo: Ikwanda kwamaphrojekthi wamandla elanga namandla omoya kudinga ukuhanjiswa kwamandla aphansi okuphansi kanye nemishini yokuphatha.

5. Izinselelo Zemakethe

   • Izindinganiso Zobuchwepheshe: Ukuntuleka kwezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe ezifanayo emazweni ahlukene kanye nezifunda kuhlanganisa ukuvumelana nezimo zomkhiqizo kanye nokuhambisana.
   • Izinkinga Zokuthengwa Kwezokunikezela: Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Global Supply Chain, njengokushoda kwe-chip nokubambezeleka kwezinto, kuthinta ukukhiqizwa kanye nokulethwa kwemishini kagesi ephansi kagesi.

II. Isimo semakethe yaseChina saseChina

1. Usayizi wemakethe nokukhula

   • Usayizi Wezimakethe Zasekhaya: Kusukela ngo-2023, imakethe kagesi ephansi ye-China idlulele ama- $ 100 billion, nge-cag elindelekile ka-7-8% eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo.
   • Ukusatshalaliswa kwesifunda: Izifunda ezisogwini zasempumalanga namadolobha avelayo eCentral and Western China kukhona abashayeli bokukhula okuyisisekelo, abanengqalasizinda kanye namaphrojekthi wezimboni e-Yangtze River Delta, kanye neChengdu-ChongQing Regions ebhebhethekisa isidingo semakethe.

2. Izinkampani ezinkulu kanye nokuncintisana komhlaba

   • Izinkampani ezihola phambili ezifuywayo: Imidondoshiya yendawo efana ne-chint Electric, i-Delixi Electric, kanye ne-XJ Electric Phatha imakethe yasekhaya.
   • Umncintiswano womkhiqizo wakwamanye amazwe: Ngenkathi izinkampani ezifuywayo zibamba iningi lemakethe, izinhlobo zakwamanye amazwe ezinjengeSchneider Electric and ABB zigcina izikhundla eziqinile ezimakethe eziphezulu kanye nezinkundla ezikhethekile ngenxa yokuqashelwa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqashelwa komkhiqizo.

3. Imvelo yenqubomgomo nokusekelwa

   • Izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni: Ukukhuthaza kukahulumeni waseChina "" kwengqalasizinda yengqalasizinda ", kufaka phakathi i-5G, ama-grids ahlakaniphile, kanye ne-Internet Intende, kunikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile kwenqubomgomo emakethe kagesi ephansi.
   • Izinqubomgomo Zamandla Eziluhlaza: Ukugcizelelwa Kwezwe ngamandla avuselelekayo kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo ukushayela ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini kagesi ephansi kagesi, njengokukhanyisa okusindisa amandla nezinhlelo zokusabalalisa ezihlakaniphile.
   • Imizamo Emile: Uhulumeni ucindezela ukuma okujwayelekile emishini kagesi ephansi kagesi ukukhulisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokuphepha, ngaleyo ndlela kukhulisa ukuncintisana kwemakethe yamazwe omhlaba.

4. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe

   • Izixazululo ezihlakaniphile nezidijithali: Izinkampani ezifuywayo ziyanda ukutshalwa kwemali ngo-R & D ngamadivayisi kagesi ahlakaniphile nezixazululo zedijithali, njengamaphaneli wokusabalalisa ahlakaniphile nezinhlelo zokuhlola kude.
   • Ubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza obuluhlaza obuluhlaza nowendla: Isidingo semishini kagesi ephansi yamandla kagesi siyakhula, ukuhambisa izinkampani ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, imikhiqizo ephansi yamandla afana nabaqhekezi besifunda abasebenza kahle.
   • Ukusungula Okuzimele: Ukuqinisa ukuthuthukiswa kwempahla ezimele engqondweni kanye nobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko kunciphisa ukuthembela kobuchwepheshe bakwamanye amazwe kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuncintisana kwezobuchwepheshe.

5. Abashayeli bemakethe

   • Ukufudumala kwamabanini: Ukuqhubeka kwamadolobha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda kudla okusetshenziswayo okugcwele kwemishini kagesi ephansi.
   • Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni: Ukushintshwa okubhekise ekukhiqizeni okuhle nokukhiqizwa kahle emkhakheni wezokukhiqiza kuya ngokuya kufunwa imishini kagesi ephansi.
   • Isidingo sikagesi sokuhlala: Izindinganiso zokuphila ezikhuphukayo ziyisidingo sokuvuselela izinhlelo zasekhaya ezihlakaniphile kanye nemishini kagesi ephezulu.

6. Izinselelo Zemakethe

   • Ukweqa amandla kanye nomncintiswano: Ezinye izingxenye zemakethe zibhekene nezehlakalo ze-Overcapacicity
   • Ukuntuleka kokuqamba: Amanye amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo aswele amandla okusungula ukufeza ukufunwa kwemakethe ephezulu.
   • Ingcindezi yezemvelo neyokulawula: Imithethonqubo eqinile yezemvelo kanye namazinga okuphepha abeka izimfuno eziphakeme ekukhiqizweni nasemikhiqizweni.

III. Izitayela Zemakethe Ezayo

1. Intelligent ne-digitalization

   • Ama-Smart grids: Ukwamukelwa okusabalele kwezobuchwepheshe begridi ehlakaniphile kuzoshayela ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini kagesi ehlakaniphile ephakeme, okunika amandla ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela, ukulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo, nokuphathwa okwenziwe kahle.
   • Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-IOT: Amadivaysi kagesi aphansi azokhulisa ngokufaka ubuchwepheshe be-IOT, ukunika amandla ukuxhumana phakathi phakathi kwamadivayisi nokwenza ngcono ubuhlakani besistimu obujwayelekile kanye ne-automation.
   • Idatha enkulu ne-ai: Idatha enkulu kanye ne-intelligence yokufakelwa kuzosetshenziselwa ukunakekelwa kokuqagela kanye nokwenza amandla amandla, ngcono ukuthembeka nokusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zamandla.

2. Ukusimama kanye namandla aluhlaza

   • Ukusebenza kwamandla: Imishini kagesi ephansi izogxila kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwamandla kanye nokusebenza kwezemvelo, ngokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo esebenza kahle, ephansi yokusebenzisa okuhambisana namathrendi okuthuthukiswa okuluhlaza okotshani.
   • Ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla okuvuselelekayo: Kuzoqhubeka imishini kagesi kagesi ephansi yanda ngokuhlanganisa ilanga, umoya, nezinye izinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo, ukusekela ukuphathwa kwamandla okusatshalaliswa kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-microbid.
   • Umnotho oyindilinga: Ukukhuthaza ukufakwa kabusha komkhiqizo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezivuselelekayo kuzonciphisa umthelela wezemvelo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza nokusebenzisa.

3. Ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo

   • Izinto ezintsha: Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezithuthukisiwe, njengokusebenza okuphezulu kokusebenza okufakwayo kwezinto zokwakha kanye nezinto zokwakha, kuzothuthukisa ukusebenza kanye nokwethenjwa kwemishini kagesi ephansi.
   • Idizayini eguquguqukayo: Umkhuba obheke ekwakheni modular emishini kagesi ephansi kagesi uzothuthukisa ukuguquguquka komkhiqizo kanye nokukhubazeka, okuhlangabezana nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zemakethe.
   • Izinhlelo zokulawula ezihlakaniphile: Ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo ezihlakaniphile zokulawula kuzonikeza amandla okuthola ukuzitholela, ukuzilungiselela, kanye nokwenza kahle okuzenzakalelayo kwemishini.

4. Ukuhlanganiswa Kwemakethe Nokuhlanganiswa Kwezinkampani

   • Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezimboni: Njengoba imakethe ivuthwa, ukuhlanganiswa okuningi nokutholwa kulindeleke, kwakha amasheya amakhulu emakethe kanye nezinzuzo zobuchwepheshe.
   • Ukusebenzisana komkhakha-imboni: Izinkampani zikagesi eziphansi zizosebenzisana nezimboni ezinjengobuchwepheshe bolwazi, i-IOT, kanye nokuphathwa kwamandla ukuze kuthuthukiswe izixazululo ezihlakaniphile.

5. Ukwehluka Kwemakethe Yesifunda

   • Ukukhula okuqhubekayo esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific: Isifunda sase-Asia-Pacific, ikakhulukazi iChina neNdiya, sizoqhubeka nokukhombisa amanani okukhula okuphezulu, sisebenza njengenjini yokukhula eyinhloko yemakethe kagesi ephansi ye-Global ephansi.
   • Funa izixazululo ezihlakaniphile eYurophu naseNyakatho MelikaE-Europe naseNyakatho Melika kuzogxila kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwama-grids smart, ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla okuvuselelekayo, kanye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwemishini kagesi ephansi, ukushayela ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nokuvuselelwa komkhiqizo kanye nokuvuselelwa komkhiqizo.
   • Ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda eMiddle East nase-Afrika: Ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda kanye namaphrojekthi wezimboni eMiddle East nase-Afrika kuzoshayela isidingo semishini kagesi ephansi kagesi.

6. Inqubomgomo kanye nokushicilelwa kokulawula

   • Imithetho yemvelo yemvelo: Imithethonqubo yokusebenza kahle kwezemvelo kanye namandla izocindezela imishini kagesi ephansi ebheke ekusebenzeni kahle nasekusebenzeni kwezemvelo.
   • Ukuma okujwayelekile kanye nesitifiketi: Amazinga ahlangene aphesheya kanye nezinhlelo zesitifiketi zizosiza ukuthengiswa komhlaba kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini kagesi ephansi, ukuthuthukisa ukuncintisana komkhiqizo.

7. Ukufakwa kokuthengwa kwezidingo

   • Ukukhiqizwa kwasendaweni: Izinkampani zizogxila kakhulu ekukhiqizweni okwenziwe endaweni nasekuhlinzekweni kokuhlinzekwa kwamathempeli ukubhekana nokungaqiniseki kwe-Global Supply Chain CharTianties kanye nokushintsha ngokushesha okufunwa kwemakethe.
   • Ukukhiqiza okuhlakaniphile: Ukutholwa kwe-Smart Production Technologies kuzothuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kunciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza, futhi uthuthukise ukuncintisana kwemakethe.

IV. Ukugcina

Izimakethe zikagesi eziphansi ze-Global and Chinese zizoqhubeka nokuthola ukukhula okuqinile eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, eqhutshwa amabutho obuhlakani, ukusimama kanye ne-digitalization. Izinkampani kumele zihlale phambili kokuqalwa kwezobuchwepheshe, zisebenzise amaketanga abo wokuhlinzekwa, futhi zithuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye namazinga obuhlakani ukuhlangabezana nomncintiswano wemakethe oqhubekayo kanye nezidingo zemakethe ezishintsha njalo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo kwezindinganiso zezimboni kunikeza indawo enhle yokukhula kwemakethe. Ngokusebenzisa imali ezibalulekile ezifana nama-smart grids, amandla avuselelekayo, kanye nezenzeko zezimboni, izinkampani zikagesi eziphansi, izinkampani eziphansi zikagesi zingavikela isikhundla esiqinile emakethe yesikhathi esizayo futhi zifinyelele ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo.