Mitundu ya ophwanya madera

Magawo ofunikira a osweka

(1) adavotera voliyumu (UE)

Mphamvu yovotayo ndi magetsi a nomwenis komwe wophwanya dera umatha kugwira ntchito mosalekeza malinga ndi momwe zinthu ziliri.

Ku China, kwa magetsi a 220kv ndi pansipa, magetsi apamwamba kwambiri ogwiritsira ntchito 1.15 dongosolo dongosolo lidavotera magetsi; Kwa 330kv ndi pamwamba, ndi 1.1 magetsi ovota. Ophwanya madera azisungabe kubuma kwa magetsi apamwamba kwambiri ndipo amagwira ntchito molimbika.

(2) adavotera (mkati)

Zomwe zidavotera ndi zomwe zilipo pano kuti ulendowu umatha kunyamula kutentha kozungulira kwa 40 ° C kapena m'munsi. Kwa ophwanya adera okhala ndi mayunitsi osinthika oyenda, ndiye kuti gawo lalikulu la maulendolo limatha kukhala mosalekeza.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa 40 ° C koma osapitilira 60 ° C, katundu akhoza kuchepetsedwa kuti apitirize kugwira ntchito.

(3) Kupititsa patsogolo maulendo apakati (IR)

Pomwe zilipo zopitilira muyeso zomwe zakhala zikuchitika (IR), maulendo obwera aboma atachedwa. Imayimiranso kwambiri momwe amalimiritsira dera amatha kupirira popanda kungoyenda. Mtengo uwu uyenera kukhala wamkulu kuposa katundu wamtundu waposachedwa (ib) koma ochepera kuposa omwe amaloledwa ndi madera omwe amaloledwa ndi madera (IZ).

Magawo oyenda pamafuta amasintha pakadutsa 0,7-1.0in, pomwe zida zamagetsi zimapereka gawo lalikulu, nthawi zambiri 0.4-1.0in. Magawo osasinthika osinthika, ir = mkati.

(4) Ulendo wozungulira wozungulira

Maofesi ozungulira ozungulira (nthawi yomweyo kapena osachedwa kuchedwa) Kubwera kwa Sporker Greeker mwachangu akadzachitika. Ulendo waulendo wa IM.

(5) adagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayifupi (ICW)

Uwu ndiye mtengo wapano womwe sunanyamule umatha kukhala ndi nthawi yodziwika popanda kuwononga otsutsa chifukwa chopumira.

(6) Kuthana

Kuthana ndi kufalikira kwa gulu la dera losokoneza mapiri osasokoneza, mosasamala kanthu za zomwe zidachitika. Kuphatikiza kwa masiku ano kuli ngati 36ka, 50ka, ndi zina zambiri.

Mfundo zambiri zosankha ophwanya madera

Choyamba, sankhani mtundu wa breaker ndi mitengo yochokera potengera ntchito yake. Sankhani zomwe zidavotera potengera zomwe zikugwira bwino ntchito. Sankhani mtundu waulendo wapaulendo, zowonjezera, ndi mawonekedwe ake. Zofunikira mwatsatanetsatane ndi:

1. Omwe amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi ogwirira ntchito kuyenera kukhala ≥ magetsi.
2. Kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kokhazikika kuyenera kukhala ≥ wowerengetsa kwa mzere wa mzere.
3. Kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kokhazikika kuyenera kukhala ≥ kuti pakhale kwakukulu komwe kumachitika mu mzere (nthawi zambiri kumawerengedwa ngati RMS).
4. Kulakwitsa kwa gawo limodzi komwe kumachitika kumapeto kwa mzere kuyenera kukhala ≥ 1.25 nthawi yomweyo (kapena kuchedwetsa kwakanthawi) maulendo aposachedwa a Basion.
5. Magetsi ogwiritsira ntchito omwe ali ndi mwayi wovota amayenera kufanana ndi magetsi a mzere.
6. Magetsi oyenda ndi masewera owopsa amayenera kufanana ndi magetsi owongolera.
7. Makina oyendetsa galimoto adavotera mphamvu yamagetsi kuyenera kufanana ndi magetsi owongolera.
8. Kwa mabwalo owunikira, maulendo omwe amapezeka nthawi yomweyo amakhala nthawi yayitali nthawi zisanu ndi imodzi.
9. Pakutetezedwa kwakanthawi kochepa, komwe kumachitika nthawi yomweyo kuyenera kukhala 1.35 mndandanda) kapena 1.7 maulendo (DZ) Kuyambira Pang'onopang'ono.
10. Kwa chitetezo chamitundu yambiri, chosinthika nthawi yomweyo chizikhala 1.3 nthawi zoyambira poyambira pano kuphatikiza zomwe zachitika pa malinga ndi ena.
11. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ngati magetsi otsika kwambiri pogawa ogulitsa, omwe akuphwanya magetsi azidutsa pang'ono panjira yotsika mtengo. Kukhazikitsa kopitilira muyeso kuyenera kufanana ndi zomwe zimachitika pano.
12. Pambuyo posankha mtundu wa breaker ndi mtengo wa madera, gwirizanitsa machitidwe oteteza ndi masinthidwe apamwamba komanso otsika kuti muchepetse kuthamanga ndikukulitsa zovuta.

Kusankhidwa Kwakutchire

M'malo ogawa, ophwanya madera amasungidwa kutetezedwa ndi kutetezedwa kwawo kukhala njira zosankha komanso zosankhira. Kusankha ophwanya malamulo otsika ocheperako amapatulidwa ndi magawo awiri ndi atatu. Makhalidwe amtundu wanthawi yomweyo komanso osachedwa samakhala kwakanthawi kochepa, pomwe mitundu yanthawi yayitali yochepetsedwa imatetezedwa popititsa mafuta. Ophwanya madera osasankha nthawi zambiri amachitapo kanthu, kupereka chitetezo chochepa, ngakhale kuti ena amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kuti atetezedwe. M'malo ogawa, ngati wotchinga wakumwambayo ukusankha, ndipo wocheperapo sunayankhe kapena kusankha, kuchedwetsa kwakanthawi kocheperako kapena kuchedwa kochepa kutsimikiza.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito breaker yaurstreation yosankhidwa, lingalirani izi:

1. Kaya wophwanya nyumbayo akusankha kapena osasankha, malo ogwiritsiridwa nawo mopitirira muyeso sayenera kukhala osakwana 1.1 nthawi zambiri samakhala ochepera 1.
2. Ngati kuphwanya kotsika sikumasankha, pewani kuchepa kwa nthawi yochepa kuchokera pakuchita zinthu zazifupi pomwe kumachitika pang'onopang'ono kuzungulira kwa madera otetezedwa. Kuchedwa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa nthawi yochepa kwambiri kwa maulendo apakati sikuyenera kukhala kochepera 1.2 nthawi yotsika kwambiri.
3. Ngati ophwanya pansi amasankhanso, onetsetsani kuti akusintha kwakanthawi kochepa kwa nthawi yochepa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, onetsetsani kuti mwasankha pakati pa mmwamba ndi kutsikira kwa magetsi otsika, ndipo zomwe zimachitika pompopompo zimayenera kukhala ndi gawo limodzi lokhalo.

Kuteteza kuteteza kwa ophwanya aboma

Popanga dongosolo logawika, kuonetsetsa mgwirizano pakati pa olefukirana ndi pansi kumaphatikizapo "kusanza, kuthamanga, ndi chidwi."

Kusankha kumakhudzana pakati pa ogwirizana pakati pa overture ndi kutsitsa ophwanya, pomwe kuthamanga ndi kumverera kumatengera mawonekedwe a chipangizo choteteza komanso njira yogwiritsira ntchito mzere.

Kugwirizana moyenera pakati pa mmwamba ndi kutsitsa ophwanya mosamala kumapangitsa kuti madera olakwika, onetsetsani kuti zigawo zina zomwe sizikuvutitsani pogawikirapo zikupitilirabe. Mitundu yogwirizana siyana yophwanya madera